Endnotes

1. Girard, René, Violence and the Sacred. Trans. Patrick Gregory. Baltimore: The John Hopkins UP, 1977. p. 229.

2. Girard.1977. pp. 226, 229.

3. Girard. 1977. pp. 226.

4. Girard, René. Deceit, Desire and the Novel: Self and Other in Literary Structure. Trans. Yvonne Freccero. London: John Hopkins Press, 1965. p. 154.

5. The Grifters. Dir. Stephen Frears. Prod. Martin Scorcese. Miramax, 1991. pp. 23:39.

6. Girard, René. The Girard Reader. Ed. James G.Williams. New York: Crossroad, 1996. p. 40.

7. Girard. 1996. p. 40.

8. In Girard’s works ‘subject’ and ‘disciple’ are used interchangeably, as are ‘model’ and ‘mediator.’

9. Girard, René. The Girard Reader. Ed. James G.Williams. New York: Crossroad, 1996. p. 40.

10. Ibid.

11. Girard. 1996. p. 38.

12. Girard, René. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. Patrick Gregory. Baltimore: The John Hopkins UP, 1977. p. 146.

13 Girard, René. The Girard Reader. Ed. James G.Williams. New York: Crossroad, 1996. p. 38.

14. The Grifters. Dir. Stephen Frears. Prod. Martin Scorcese. Miramax, 1991. 25:23.

15.Frears.1991. 27:36.

16. Girard, René. Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World. Stanford: SUP, 1987. p. 23.

17. The Grifters. Dir. Stephen Frears. Prod. Martin Scorcese. Miramax, 1991. 30:10.

18. Frears. 1991. 31:05.

19.Frears. 1991. 31:00.

20.Frears. 1991. 1:15.

21.Girard, René. Oedipus Unbound: Selected Writings on Rivalry and Desire. Ed. Mark R. Anspach. Stanford: SUP, 2004. p. xxxiv.

22. Girard, René. Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World. Stanford: SUP, 1987. p. 26

23. The Grifters. Dir. Stephen Frears. Prod. Martin Scorcese. Miramax, 1991. 1:16.

24.Frears. 1991. 1:24.

25.Frears. 1991. 1:24.

26.Frears. 1991. 1:32.

27. Girard, René. Oedipus Unbound: Selected Writings on Rivalry and Desire. Ed. Mark R. Anspach. Stanford: SUP, 2004. p. xxxiv.

28. Girard, René. The Girard Reader. Ed. James G.Williams. New York: Crossroad, 1996.

29. Girard. 1996. p. 12.

30. Ibid.

31. Girard. 1996. pp. 9, 14.

32. The Grifters. Dir. Stephen Frears. Prod. Martin Scorcese. Miramax, 1991. 1:36.

33. Ibid.

34. Frears. 1991. 1:37.

35. Ibid.

36.Girard, René. The Girard Reader. Ed. James G.Williams. New York: Crossroad, 1996.

37.Girard. 1996. p. 183.

38.Girard. 1996. pp. 174-181.

39.Girard. 1996. p. 150.

40.Girard. 1996. p. 151.

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